STEP DEVELOPMENT BASIC BUNNING PROGRAMMING

STEP 1:

Launch PIC Kit 2 programming software by Selecting Start > Program > Microchip > PIC Kit 2

The following programming interface appears and notifies that the PIC Kit 2 and

target device found and connected. 

STEP 2:

If device is successfully detected, the model name will appeared at “Device Configuration Area” 

STEP 3:

For UIC00A, the “VDD Target” will automatically be 5.0. User should powered +5V to the target PIC. 

STEP 4:

Go to File and select Import Hex. Browse for the Hex file location and open to start import the Hex file.

Step 5:

After Hex file has been successfully imported, the target device can be programmed by clicking on Write. The PIC will be erased and programmed with the new Hex code imported. The operation status will display on the Status Window if writing is successful. 

STEP 6:

Push button is a special feature to load Hex file into the target device. Push button can be used after Programmer>Write on PIC kit Button is checked as figure below: 

Step 7:

Pressed push button and the Hex file will automatically program into the target device.

Step 8:

The program already successful Bunning Program

LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

Sample LCD 

PIN DIAGRAM FOR LCD

Character LCDs use a standard 14-pin interface and those with backlights have 16 pins. the pins outs are as follows:

PIN DIAGRAM AND PORT FOR PIC

PROGRAMMABLE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT - PIC 16F877A

PIC 16F877A and Description Pin Diagram

            OSC1 and OSC2 pins are connected to 20MHz crystal to execute every single program line in the system.  20MHz crystal is used because this is the maximum frequency that the PIC can support. If over frequency the PIC will burn. Else if crystal speed less than 20MHz then PIC response speed will slower.The MCLR pin of the PIC is pull up to 5V through a 10KR resistor

The PIC can operate using 4.5V to 6.0V DC voltage. In the project is operating at 5.0V (by using 7805). It is DIP layout (dual in line package) and suitable for student project. It has 40 pins but only 33 I/O pins can be set as digital input or digital output. The digital output of the PIC is 5V (for signal 1) and 0V (for signal 0) these signals will be directly connected to actuators for control purpose. When the PIC pin is set as digital input. It will detect input voltage 5V as signal 1 and 0V as signal 0. Any voltage less than 0V or more than 5V will damage PIC.

Differentiations Types of PIC


NOTE: http://courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece395/docs/PIC16F87X%20datasheet%2030292c.pdf

PASSIVE TAGS

A passive tag is an RFID tag that does not contain a battery; the power is supplied by the reader. When radio waves from the reader are encountered by a passive RFID tag, the coiled antenna within the tag forms a magnetic field. The tag draws power from it, energizing the circuits in the tag. The tag then sends the information encoded in the tag’s memory.

The major disadvantages of a passive RFID tag are:

·         The tag can be read only at very short distances, typically a few feet at most. This greatly limits the devices for certain applications.

·         It may not be possible to include sensors that can use electricity for power.

·         The tag remains readable for a very long time, even after the product to which the tag is attached has been sold and is no longer being tracked.

The advantages of a passive tag are:

·         The tag functions without a battery; these tags have a useful life of twenty years or more.

·         The tag is typically much less expensive to manufacture.

·         The tag is much smaller (some tags are size of a grain of rice). These tags have almost unlimited applications in consumers goods and other areas.

Frequency Bands and Applications

OPERATION OF RFID

     A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system uses wireless radio communication technology to uniquely identify tagged objects or people. There are three basic components to an RFID system:

The Basic Building Blocks of an RFID System

i. A Tag (sometimes called a transponder)
   It composed of a semiconductor chip, an antenna and sometimes a battery.

ii. An Interrogator (sometimes called a reader or a read / write device)

-                    It composed of antenna, an RF electronics module and control electronic module.

iii. A controller (sometimes called a host)

-                  Most often takes the form of a PC or a workstation running database and control (often called middleware) software.

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)

RFID Reader Conection of RFID 

The Reader and Smart Card

     Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wireless, using radio waves. a basic RFID system consists of three components are an antenna or coil, a transceiver (with decoder) and a transponder  (RF tag ) electronically programmed with unique information. 

     The RFID reader is a passive RFID reader it operates using 12VDC. it can read RFID card within 3mm distance. The operating frequency of the RFID reader is 125 kHz. it communicates with PIC using Wiegand 26 Communication. Minus the start and stop bit, the ID content is in 3 bytes form (24 bit). There are 3 wires used to control the RFID reader.